Magazine heating stove



May 16, 1950 E. A. JoNEs MAGAZINE HEATING STOI/'El 2 Sheets-Sheet 1Filed Dec. 4, 1943 II I I I I I I I I I I I IIIII HrroRNE/S.

May 16, 1950 E. A. JONES MAGAZINE HEATING STOVE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 FiledDeo. 4, 1943 HrToRA/EYS.

Patented May 16, 1950 UNITED STATES ATENT orrice MAGAZINE HEATING STOVEApplication December 4, 1943, Serial No. 512,903 3 Claims. (Cl. 126-43)1 yThe present invention relates to a heater construction, for spaceheaters, ranges, furnaces, and the like.

More particularly, the invention involves a space heater of the deepfuel box type wherein rawfuel is introduced at the top and the burningof the fuel itself takes place principally at the bottom, but withcombustion gases, the mixture of which is determined by controlled airow upf Wardly, takes place from the bottom to the top of the heater.

It is an object of the invention to provide a heaterv of this kind whichattains 4a higher eiliciencythan that obtained in similarheaters-heretofore made.

A particular object is to prov-ide a heater having-1a. fuel boxcomprising an upper and a lower section, at the lower of which the fuelbur-ns by direct up-draft of air therethrough from the bottom to the topof said lowersection, and with lateral outlet passages from the uppersection communicating with secondary air introduced only at said uppersections.

A further object is to provide particularly desirable constructionelements to attain the foregoing objectives and to provide means toconduct freshsecondaryvair to the top of the fuel box.

In the drawings:

Fig. l is a front'elevation of theheater;

Fig. 2` isa vertical diametrical section through 5 the Vheatershowingthe back half thereof;

Fig' 3 is a horizontal section on the line 3-3 at theA upper middle ofFig. 2

Figi l is a horizontal section on the lineA--I at the lower middle ofFig. 2;

Figi.' 5 Vis a transverse section through the air and gas conductorstaken on the'line y5--5 just above the middle of Fig. 2;

Fig. 6 is anenlarged view of the grate supporting means and tilesupporting means;

7- is a top View of one of the combustion gas channel members;

Figa. 8 is an outsideelevation of one of the gas channels taken from thebottom of Fig, 7;

Fig.v 9 is a vertical section through the gas channel taken on the line@-9 of Fig. 8; and,A

Fig.` l is a fragmentary view of one of the air channels.

Theheater is generally indicatedgat it. It includes an outer shell tl,preferably of` cylindrical shape, supported on a suitable base l2, andhaving a cover `I3 enclosing the top thereof.

The. inside-'0f the casing Il is generally divided into four sections.There is an ash compartment (-4,. a-fuel combustion section I5, a fueland gas :discharge section i6, and: an upper dome section Il. Thesections I5 and |16 comprisethe fuellbox,

The ash section has alining- 28. 'It is .also pro,- vided with a draft.controlv and a `clean-out vdoor 2|- The dome section il isprovided: withaffuel door 22` with a draft,control` `23. A 'chimney-.24 also leadsYfrom.the domesection l1.

A combination tile (or rfire brick liner), Tand grate support -25 hasazprincipal portion 2670iy S- shaped crossgsection, and of Aannularshape tozt within .the-heater. `At spaced .pointscaaroundthe DOrtiGn2.5' alefCOmbination foot-like: supports 21 and ygrate. prongs 28., Thevfoot supports :2lare lodged toengage over the lining 20. .'Iheythere.-by supportv therings 2,5 and the grate prongs 2.8. The prong-s 28supporta grategmember 29;.ofxfamiliar construction having a.center-portion 3e to receive a .clean-out inner grate (not shown)Suitable means foragitating the, grateffZamay be employedas desired;

The lower `ledge 3l of thev ring parts 2S is de signed t0 support :thevtiles or fire .brick linersof the're box. Those'for the lower `section|51. compriseran annular series of .tiles133 .intertted ,as shown inFig. and withcomplementary `cut-out portions at the outer cornersvthereof, providing air passages 3dl openatthe bottom andatpthe top. Theair passages'llrare not obstructedby the feet '21, `because .the latterare spaced :from the bottom or :therpassages and arey few in numberspaced around. the eringf-Z B.

Mounted on thertop-of the tiles SSP-aretiles 36 forming an upper courseof :tilesy for -the upper sectionli cfthefuel box. These tiles, as shownin Fig. 3, are -interfitted to provide an annular shaperto thesect-ionlvl 6, .and'to-fit ywithin the louter casing -l L. Atcertain. junctionsyof the `tiles 536 there are cutaway portions in facing edgesofadjacent'tiles, -thatare `shaped to receive gas channel members'tl;These are shown in'greater detail in Figs, 749. vAs Fig. 5 shows, thesechan,- neis are generally of, channel shane with-an open bottom and apartially closed top TheY bight portion of these channelsecticnsisprovi'ded with three openings, The bottom openingd iswi'dely cut awayat 4 l` inits lower.portiontol permit ready cleaning outof ashes or fuel`.that might fall into thefchannels. These enlarged; openings; ellwelso,as. willv appear., give large ports for; theapassage `of gasesfromthefuelbed.

Above: the passagev 4.0;' there isfani elongatedi pas'- sage 42extending-:almostitothetopiof thefchan.- nelmembers:AbovethefpassageisaLT-shape'd opening 43 immediately beneath the toppart 38. This is an egress opening for the gases.

The channel members are provided Iwith indentations 45 adjacent theouter edges thereof. These indentations receive and seat air channels45, introduced thereinto as appears in Fig. 5. The channels 46 are of alength to terminate at approximately the lower edge of the cross openingpart of the T-shaped passage 43 within the gas channels 31. extenddownwardly to the bottom of the tiles 36 where they register with thepassages 34 in the lower set of tiles 33. Their lateral extent issomewhat greater than that of the passages 34, so that they do not slipdown into the latter.

Operation With the removable portion of the grate in place, coal isfilled in through the opening 22 up to the top of the fuel box. It willfill the lower section I of the fuel box and also the upper section I6.

The total depth of both sections I5 and I6 is preferably somewhatgreater than the inside diameter of the fuel box, and the lower sectionI5 is not as high as the upper section I6. The upper section may bedesirably about twenty-ve per cent higher than the lower section,measured in terms of height of the tiles.

The fire is started in the bottom of the lower section I5. Air passes upthrough the grates to maintain the combustion. The heated gases in astate of incomplete combustion pass up through the coal bed and find aready outlet through the several ports and 4I in the gas channels 31.These channels, as distinguished from the air channels 46, receivenormally no secondary air. Secondary air, however, does pass up throughthe channels 46 from the ports 34 within the lower tiles, to mix withthe combustion gases at the point of the ports 43, and then isdischarged over the top of the fuel bed where substantially completecombustion occurs. There may be burning within the channels 31, but thefinal mixture of secondary air, occurring at the top of the channels,provides the principal means for complete combustion of the gases.

In the foregoing operation, it will be seen that air is not mixed withthe fuel in the lower section I5, beyond that coming up through thegrate. Consequently, there is no point for escape of the combustiongases within the lower section other than by discharge into the uppersection. This localizes the points of combustion and concentrates theheat therefrom in a way to attain greater eiliciency. The combustion isquite extensive within the dome space I1. Of course, the ultimatedischarge takes place into the chimney 24.

The draft control may be made at the door 2l, which has shown on it a,separate draft gate. Similarly, an over-fire draft control is providedby the gate 23. Ashes may be removed through the door 2|, and aconventional shaker mechanism may be used.

Some of the heat from the lower section I5 will pass directly upwardthrough the fuel in the upper section l5, causing this fuel to coke. Thegases thus flowing will be oxidized in the dome I1, by the air suppliedfrom the air channels. The drawing oi of gases in the lower parts of theupper section I6 prevents smothering of the fire, by packing of thefuel, or fusing thereof as coking occurs. The restriction of thiswithdrawal to the upper section provides a definite The air channels 46otherwise asoaoas 4 section of the fuel bed in which the fuel is burn`'ing from the bottom up.

The disposition of the air passages is suchy as to give pre-heated airat the points of discharge;-

' the casing.

What is claimed is:

l. In a heating device, a fuel box including a casing, a tile liningaround the inside surface thereof, channel members interposed into thesaid tile lining, said channel members including first channel devices,each having its bight portion inwardly of said lining, and openingsthrough said bight portion opening into the fuel box, a second channeldevice fitted within the first to separate an inner passage from anouter passage, the inner passage registering with said openings, theouter channel devices opening into the said passages adjacent the topthereof but otherwise out of communication therewith, and means tointroduce secondary air into the said outer passages.

2. In a heating device, a fuel box including a casing, a refractorylining around the inside surface of the casing and fitting thereagainst,vertical channel members each having a bight portion and legs interposedinto the lining at spaced points, said channel members having the bightportions inwardly of the casing and spaced therefrom by the channellegs, means dividing each channel member into an outer passage and aninner passage, said inner passages being in communication with the spacedefined by said lining and adapted to receive gases therefrom, saidouter passages being in communication with said respective innerpassages only at the top points of said passages, and means to introducesecond'- ary air into the said outer passages.

3. In a heating device, a casing, a refractory lining disposed againstthe casing, means supporting said lining, said lining including a lowercourse of refractory members and an upper course of refractory members,channel members interposed in the upper course of refractory memberswith the bight thereof inwardly disposed, a second channel memberdisposed in each ofsaid first channel members, the bight of each secondchannel member inwardly of the casing, said second channel membersseparating said first channel members into inner and outer passages,openings in the bights of the first channel members communicating theinner passages with the space defined by the lining, said inner passagesbeing closed at the bottom by the lower course of refractory members,said outer passages communicating through the passages provided in saidlower course of refractory members with the space below the lining toreceive secondary air, said inner and outer passages formed in each ofsaid channel members communicating only at the top, whereby secondaryair is supplied to gases of combustion only at the top of the lining.

EDWIN A. JONES.

(References on following page) Number Name Date REFERENCES CITED1,026,152 Dee May 14, 1912 The following references are of record 1n the1,707,731 Kerch A912 2) 192g file 0f 11h15 paient: 2,302,929 Allen Nov.24, 1942 UNITED STATES PATENTS 5 2,350,597 Esson June 6, 1944 Numb@ NameDate 2,365,675 Blumstengel Dec. 26, 1944 2,367,094 Blumstengel Jan. 9,1945 183,955 McVean et al Oct. 31, 1876 2 391 144 ESS Dec 18 1945934,887 Cole Sept. 21, 1909

